In general, the inventor will be required to submit a. Technology transfer models and elements in the university. Some methods of weakening or eliminating barriers are already known and applied. Research and technology at iowa state university, and pioneer hibred inter. The aforementioned complexity and the large amount of literature that can be found on this subject make it necessary to discuss different models of technology transfer, to present and understand the elements involved, and to identify the relationship of technology transfer in the collaboration. Depending on the means of creating and gaining of the technology its transfer can be considered either internal or external. A successful transfer of technology, however, might not be guaranteed simply by using a particular model. If at any stage a project is found to be ineffective, it should be altered or stopped. The authors of the paper, based on their experience in conducting research and implementation projects, propose ways to cope with the occurring technology transfer barriers and challenges. In order to gain a better understanding of this phenomenon, the current study attempts to identify factors that predict member renewal dv.
Organisation strategy and planning 25 steve burns and mark gibson introduction 25 stages of the technology transfer process 26 stage 1. It is a reference document to help you in your discussions with the technology transfer office tto professionals who will help you evaluate the potential of your technology and help bring it to market, secure development funding or grow universityindustry collaboration. This booklet is based on the university of michigans inventors guide to technol ogy transfer, with adaptation for penn state and the penn state office of technology management otm. Technology and modes of technology transfer technology and technology transfer tt are concepts with boundaries that we cannot clearly define. Intellectual property valuation and royalty determination by tim heberden. There has been a long standing recognition of the possible utility of a. The international technology transfer itt projects involve the crossborder transfer of technology to develop the local technology capabilities. Technology transfer issues and a new technology transfer model 49. An international good practice guide for pharmaceutical and allied industries on free shipping on qualified orders. This monograph argues that a linear model of technology transfer is no longer sufficient, or perhaps even no longer relevant, to account for the nuances and complexities of the technology transfer. The term scientist is used as a descriptor for a university. In addition, the previously mentioned models of technology transfer tend to be fragmented rather than integrated. Technology transfer as the process of pharmaceutical quality system. Technology transfer and button manufacturing in qiaotou, china.
Does the sale of a technology constitute technology transfer. Transfer pricing methods are quite similar all around the world. The five transfer pricing methods with examples conclusion. However the authors think that the suggested technology transfer model, needs further development in details. A small business may apply for a national science foundation nsf phase ii small business innovation research sbir or small business technology transfer sttr award only if it has been received a nsf phase i award, and only for continued research toward commercialization of the technology developed under the phase i award. This paper challenges these efforts by exploring key management issues for university technology transfer offices ttos and the impact of location on the selection of appropriate commercialization models. Technology transfer is the process of changing ownership and control over an invention from the creator to a party intending to generate a. These factors are believed to influence the transfer process effectiveness. Because the proposed model explains the observable phenomena only and is a conceptual model to be tested, further theoretical studies are.
Attc network model of technology transfer in the innovation process the figure above places the work of samhsas attc network within the conceptual model. University technology transfer takes many forms, primarily the annual migration of university graduates into the wider commercial world and the publication of research findings. Informal technology transfer refers to transfer that happens without directed efforts toward putting a technology into. The section 301 report on this investigation came out earlier this year. The bayhdole example is offered simply as a frame of reference. It demands close cooperation and collaboration between industry and academia throughout the entire research process. Analytical comparison of ten relevant models in terms of their objectives, dominant. Experiences with technology transfer in agriculture legumes onfarm testing nurseries legoften in india. Tom hockaday, technology transfer innovation ltd ip pragmatics ltd.
Aug 17, 20 the choice of a technology transfer method should be based on technology analysis, future strategy of cooperation with a companys supplier, investment resources and technical capacities of the company to implement the technology. Technology transfer is an important component of the overall innovation process. Technology transfer of drug substance active pharmaceutical ingredients apis technology transfer of drug product dosage forms manufacturing processes this third edition of the ispe good practice guide. Technology transfer is conducted through different channels and different entities.
The introduction of a technology into a developing country, is understood by some developed countries as having achieved the objective of technology transfer. Small business technology transfer program phase ii sttr. An overview of technology transfer and technology transfer models abstract in todays business setting, interest in the profitable exploitation of a firms technological assets, through technology transfer, has intensified. The technology transfer throughout the life cycle as well as transfers of manufacturing processes from one site to another during the commercial production phase 1. When choosing a transfer method, it is necessary to understand that the more complex is the technology, the. Pdf understanding technology transfer researchgate. We are very grateful to ken nisbet, robin rasor, and the staff of the um office of technology transfer for their. Brazil, it can make sense to adapt existing models. Pdf technology transfer is a process for applying known technologies to new and novel applications. Analysis of the examples in the database shows that spinoffs are systematically used for technology transfer from academic institutions towards industrial applications based on different technology transfer models figure 2. Patents serve the social interest if they provide not just invention, but.
Moreover, the proposed model analyzes the technology development processes from several different standpoints and embraces multi. Pdf the comparative analysis of technology transfer models. Technology science of craft, from greek, techne, art, skill, cunning of hand. Basic material transfer agreement mta material transfer cooperative research and development mt crada model confidential disclosure agreement. Such quantitative analyses, however, are would be useful in the development of a systematic and well grounded policy for technology transfer.
In the early days of transfer and commercialisation, the process was considered to be a linear progression. This implies that a new model of technology transfer should be developed that. The report itself uses the word force or forced 47 times and identifies a range of practices that. The oecd guidelines provide five transfer pricing methods that are accepted by nearly all tax authorities. Four of the models that emerge from this research are. Technology transfer, also called transfer of technology tot, is the process of transferring disseminating technology from the person or organization that owns or holds it to another person or organization. In august 2017, president trump issued an executive order setting in motion an investigation of chinas trade policies including ip, technology transfer, and investment policies. Perspectives on innovation have evolved over time, with a shift from a linear to a systems conceptual framework. Successful networks and models and lessons learnt from technology transfer. Training handbook technology transfer danube transnational. By detecting four types of technology transfer business models, this study enriches prior work on university business models dottore et al. Innovation, knowledgeand technology transfer models for. Technology transfer occurs either informally or formally. Technology transfer is the process by which basic science research and fundamental discoveries are developed into practical and commercially relevant applications and products.
An abstract high level innovation and technology transfer process is presented below with the intention to be used as a framework for building bonitas enhanced innovation and technology transfer model. While this regulation provides policy and guidance concerning the transfer of intellectual property between the military and civilian communities, general da policy concerning intellectual property is found in ar 27. A philosophy of licensing and technology transfer for. Department of transportations federal highway administration selects research products for technology transfer and transfers those products to the highway industry, in particular the state and local agencies that own. An introduction catherine innes catherine innes is director of the office of technology development at the university of north carolina at chapel hill.
Up, research center in economics and finance, university of porto. Technology transfer as the process of pharmaceutical. It is suggested in this paper that transfer of technology is not a onetime activity. Technology transfer involves the implementation of scientific or technological information in a context different from that for which it was developed. Publications for the science and technology committe inquiry into managing intellectual property and technology transfer. As a response to market failure, or as an effort to accelerate marketdriven social change, technology transfer may combine public and private aparatus or rely solely on public institutional mechanisms to identify, develop, and deliver innovations and information. We map the relative success of technology licensing to. Most current literature on knowledge and technology transfer appropriability model, dissemination model, and knowledge utilization model, describe the process of transfer in details, but has. In light of the rising international competition, there has been new emphasis placed on the commercialization of u. The attc network provides a range of activities including product development, training, coaching and technical assistance, marketing, and systems change initiatives.
This document serves as a guide to describe the technology transfer process for it mark, by virtue. Attc network model of technology transfer in the innovation. The dealbased model in use at the university of virginia patent foundation emphasizes marketing prior to. Internal technology transfer is conducted mostly inside a single entity or its affiliates. Factors that have facilitated international technology transfer include. The current document entitled memorial universitys technology transfer and commercialization strategy reflects the feedback that was received during the open consultation period, primarily that the characterization of the strategy as an innovation strategy was too broad. Technology transfer in germany 347 because technology transfer is an exchange of technological, technical, and organizational knowhow between partners, effective technology transfer needs the particiation of both research institutions and industry. Although a growing literature documents the benefits of industryuniversity research centers, most centers experience a significant amount of turnover among their industrial members. An introduction catherine innes robert macwright, phd, esq. Alignment with science and riskbased quality by design qbd principles described in ich. Doe report on technology transfer and related technology. A model for technology transfer in practice technology transfer, and thus industryrelevant research, involvesmore than merely producing research results and delivering them in publications and technical reports.
This paper emphasizes technology transfer to developing countries, although the model presented is equally applicable to transfer within a country or between developed countries. Managing intellectual property and technology transfer inquiry. The strengths and weaknesses of these models are pointed out and an eclectic model titled, the life cycle approach for planning and implementing a technology transfer project is presented. The ultimate objective is to pose the question of relevance of some existing models and ideas. Intellectual property valuation and royalty determination. Evidence given by mark anderson, the law society ip law committee, and dr. Technology transfer and public policy the calitc knowledge base. In the pharmaceutical industry, technology transfer refers to the processes that are needed for successful progress from drug discovery to product development to clinical trials to fullscale. A strategy for the federal highway administration addresses how the u. For example, the number of transistors that can be placed on a. These include 3 traditional transaction methods and 2 transactional profit methods. Participation of intermediary and government organizations.
Technology transfer handbook heriotwatt university. The five transfer pricing methods explained with examples. Technology transfer is realized through the acquisition of spinoffs by mnes and smes. Scaleup and establish process at commercial scale 32 stage 3. University technology transfer office business models.
Technology transfer in countries in transition final21. Universitys technology transfer and commercialization strategy. Publicresearch and transfer organizations a standard based model for innovation, knowledgeand technology transfer based on the process assessment framework isoiec 15504 spice the model was evaluated in several universities, research, transfer and governmental organizations moving technology transfer towards predictable processes. This section presents various thoughtprovoking perspectives on how technology transfer offices are structured to meet differing objectives and environments. The journal of technology studies 49 the following are major issues that should be considered for efficient and effective technology transfer. In particular, a welldeveloped model of technology transfer could be used as a framework for. Technology transfer tt is the process of sharing of skills, knowledge, technologies, methods of manufacturing, samples of manufacturing and facilities among. In this study, the views and attitudes of 30 managers and experts familiar with the issues of technology transfer, including transfer of technology in the development of the countrys oil fields. It is pertinent to note that various technology transfer models and mechanisms globally available have been incorporated in this paper. Haq presents a model for technology transfer in terms of spacial diffusion and the potential for. Radosevic, slavo, international technology transfer and catch up in economic development, edward elgar, cheltenham, 1999. If the invention is a platform technology and the inventor is interested in forming a startup company, a representative from the technology transfer office will work with the inventor to explain the requirements necessary to obtain a license from the university.
Chapter 4 of international licensing and technology transfer. Modelling technology transfer as a process strategy 303 fig. Towards a better understanding of forced technology. The traditional model of the technology transfer process in figure 1 is illustrated as a linear model, and it begins with the process of discovery by a university scientist siegel et al. Technology transfer models since the early 1970s, considering the challenges and complexities confronted by directors of technology projects, scientists, specialists, and experts of technology transfer have been proposing models of technology transfer that could encourage the effective planning and usage of technology transfer projects. Technology transfer is related to the innovation process and can be viewed as the subset of that process that is concerned with innovations that are technologies. Zahra and george 2002 highlight the dynamic capability in. Pdf models and methods of university technology transfer.
While research and development remains the focus of these laboratories, passage of. Fdas technology transfer program team helps move these technologies to the private sector by patenting and licensing these developments so that new. Technology transfer and commercialisation do not evolve naturally and linearly from research and the discovery of scientific solutions. Trb special report 256 managing technology transfer. Transfer of technology and knowledge sharing for development science, technology and innovation issues for developing countries united nations conference on trade and development transfer of t echnology and knowledge sharing for developmen t unctad cu r r e n t st u d i e s o n sc i e n c e, te c h n o l o g y a n d in n o v at i o n. Models for commercialization of technology from universities. Models and methods of university technology transfer. Pre technology transfer preparation 26 technology transfer strategies 29 stage 2. Invention management agreement ima invention management agreement ima template note.
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